Izinhlobo ze-LED ezimhlophe: Izindlela zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko ze-LED emhlophe yokukhanyisa yilezi: ① I-LED eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka + uhlobo lwe-phosphor; ②Uhlobo lwe-RGB LED; ③ I-Ultraviolet LED + uhlobo lwe-phosphor.

1. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka – i-LED chip + uhlobo lwe-phosphor oluphuzi-oluhlaza okuhlanganisa izinto ezitholakala ku-phosphor ezinemibala eminingi kanye nezinye izinhlobo.

Ingqimba ye-phosphor ephuzi-luhlaza imunca ingxenye yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuvela ku-chip ye-LED ukuze ikhiqize i-photoluminescence. Enye ingxenye yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuvela ku-chip ye-LED idluliselwa ngengqimba ye-phosphor futhi ihlangane nokukhanya okuphuzi-luhlaza okukhishwa yi-phosphor ezindaweni ezahlukene esikhaleni. Izibani ezibomvu, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka neziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zixutshwa ukuze zenze ukukhanya okumhlophe; Kule ndlela, inani eliphakeme kakhulu lethiyori lokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-phosphor photoluminescence, okunye kokusebenza kahle kwe-quantum yangaphandle, ngeke kudlule u-75%; futhi izinga eliphezulu lokukhipha ukukhanya kusuka ku-chip lingafinyelela cishe ku-70%. Ngakho-ke, ngokwethiyori, ukukhanya okumhlophe kohlobo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokukhanya kwe-LED ngeke kudlule u-340 Lm/W. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, i-CREE ifinyelele ku-303Lm/W. Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa inembile, kufanelekile ukuyigubha.

2. Inhlanganisela yemibala emithathu eyinhloko ebomvu, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka neluhlaza okwesibhakabhakaIzinhlobo ze-RGB LEDfakaIzinhlobo ze-RGBW- LED, njll.

Ama-diode amathathu akhipha ukukhanya ahlanganisiwe ndawonye, ​​​​futhi imibala emithathu eyinhloko yokukhanya okubomvu, okuluhlaza okotshani nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhishwayo ixutshwa ngqo esikhaleni ukuze kwakhiwe ukukhanya okumhlophe. Ukuze kukhiqizwe ukukhanya okumhlophe okusebenza kahle ngale ndlela, okokuqala, ama-LED anemibala ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ama-LED aluhlaza okotshani, kumele abe imithombo yokukhanya ephumelelayo. Lokhu kungabonakala eqinisweni lokuthi ukukhanya okuluhlaza kubala cishe ama-69% "okukhanya okumhlophe kwe-isoenergy". Njengamanje, ukusebenza kahle okukhanyayo kwama-LED aluhlaza okotshani nokubomvu kube phezulu kakhulu, kanti ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum kwangaphakathi kudlula ama-90% nama-95% ngokulandelana, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kwe-quantum kwangaphakathi kwama-LED aluhlaza kusalele emuva kakhulu. Lesi simo sokusebenza kahle kokukhanya okuluhlaza okotshani kwama-LED asekelwe ku-GaN sibizwa ngokuthi "igebe lokukhanya okuluhlaza okotshani." Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ama-LED aluhlaza awakazitholi izinto zawo ze-epitaxial. Izinto ezikhona ze-phosphorus arsenic nitride series zisebenza kahle kakhulu ebangeni le-spectrum eliphuzi noluhlaza okotshani. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa izinto ze-epitaxial ezibomvu noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukwenza ama-LED aluhlaza kuzosebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zobuningi bamanje obuphansi, ngoba akukho ukulahleka kokuguqulwa kwe-phosphor, i-LED eluhlaza inokukhanya okuphezulu kunokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka + i-phosphor. Kubikwa ukuthi ukusebenza kwayo okukhanyayo kufinyelela ku-291Lm/W ngaphansi kwesimo samanje se-1mA. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya okuluhlaza okubangelwa umphumela we-Droop kwehla kakhulu kumaza amakhulu. Lapho ubuningi bamanje bukhuphuka, ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya kwehla ngokushesha. Ku-350mA current, ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya kungu-108Lm/W. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-1A, ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya kwehla. kuya ku-66Lm/W.

Kuma-phosphide eQembu III, ukukhishwa kokukhanya ku-green band sekuyinkinga enkulu ezinhlelweni zezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukushintsha ukwakheka kwe-AlInGaP ukuze ikhiphe okuluhlaza kunokuba kubomvu, ku-orenji noma kuphuzi kuholela ekugcinweni okunganele komthwali ngenxa yegebe lamandla eliphansi kakhulu lesistimu yezinto ezibonakalayo, okuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwemisebe okusebenzayo.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, kunzima kakhulu ngama-III-nitrides ukufeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kodwa ubunzima abunakunqotshwa. Ukusebenzisa lolu hlelo, ukwelula ukukhanya kuya ebhendini lokukhanya okuluhlaza, izici ezimbili ezizobangela ukwehla kokusebenza kahle yilezi: ukwehla kokusebenza kahle kwe-quantum yangaphandle kanye nokusebenza kahle kukagesi. Ukwehla kokusebenza kahle kwe-quantum yangaphandle kuvela eqinisweni lokuthi yize igebe lebhendi eliluhlaza liphansi, ama-LED aluhlaza asebenzisa i-voltage ephezulu ye-GaN, okubangela ukuthi izinga lokuguqulwa kwamandla lehle. Ububi besibili ukuthi i-LED eluhlaza iyancipha njengoba ubuningi bamanje wokujova bukhula futhi bubanjwe umphumela we-droop. Umphumela we-Droop uphinde uvele kuma-LED aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa umthelela wawo mkhulu kuma-LED aluhlaza, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla okusebenza okuvamile okuphansi. Kodwa-ke, kunezibikezelo eziningi mayelana nezimbangela zomphumela we-droop, hhayi nje i-Auger recombination - zifaka phakathi i-dislocation, i-carrier overflow noma i-electron leak. Lokhu kokugcina kuthuthukiswa yinsimu kagesi yangaphakathi ene-voltage ephezulu.

Ngakho-ke, indlela yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya kwama-LED aluhlaza: ngakolunye uhlangothi, funda ukuthi unganciphisa kanjani umphumela we-Droop ngaphansi kwezimo zezinto ezikhona ze-epitaxial ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya; ngakolunye uhlangothi, sebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwe-photoluminescence kwama-LED aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nama-phosphor aluhlaza ukuze ukhiphe ukukhanya okuluhlaza. Le ndlela ingathola ukukhanya okuluhlaza okusebenza kahle kakhulu, okuthi ngokwengqondo kungafinyelela ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya okuphezulu kunokukhanya okumhlophe kwamanje. Akukukhanya okuluhlaza okuzenzekelayo, futhi ukwehla kokuhlanzeka kombala okubangelwa ukwanda kwayo kwe-spectral akulungile ezibonisweni, kodwa akufaneleki kubantu abavamile. Akukho nkinga yokukhanyisa. Ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya okuluhlaza okutholwe ngale ndlela kunethuba lokuba ngaphezu kwama-340 Lm/W, kodwa ngeke kudlule ama-340 Lm/W ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa nokukhanya okumhlophe. Okwesithathu, qhubeka nokucwaninga futhi uthole izinto zakho ze-epitaxial. Kuphela ngale ndlela, kukhona ukukhanya kwethemba. Ngokuthola ukukhanya okuluhlaza okungaphezu kuka-340 Lm/w, ukukhanya okumhlophe okuhlanganiswe ama-LED amathathu anombala oyinhloko obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungaba ngaphezulu komkhawulo wokusebenza kahle okhanyayo ongu-340 Lm/w wama-LED amhlophe ohlobo lwe-chip eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

3. I-LED ye-Ultravioleti-chip + ama-phosphor amathathu anombala oyinhloko akhipha ukukhanya.

Iphutha eliyinhloko elingokwemvelo lezinhlobo ezimbili ezingenhla zama-LED amhlophe ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwendawo kokukhanya kanye ne-chromaticity. Ukukhanya kwe-Ultraviolet akukwazi ukubonwa yiso lomuntu. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuba ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kuphume ku-chip, kumuncwa yi-phosphor enemibala emithathu eyinhloko esendlaleloni sokupakisha, bese kuguqulwa kube ukukhanya okumhlophe yi-photoluminescence yama-phosphor, bese kukhishwa esikhaleni. Lena inzuzo yayo enkulu, njengezibani ze-fluorescent zendabuko, ayinawo ukungalingani kombala wendawo. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet chip white LED akunakuba ngaphezu kwenani le-theory lokukhanya okumhlophe kwe-blue chip, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi inani le-theory lokukhanya okumhlophe kwe-RGB. Kodwa-ke, kuphela ngokuthuthukiswa kwama-phosphor emibala emithathu eyinhloko esebenza kahle kakhulu afanelekela ukuvusa i-ultraviolet lapho singathola khona ama-LED amhlophe e-ultraviolet aseduze noma asebenza kahle kakhulu kunama-LED amabili amhlophe angenhla kulesi sigaba. Uma ama-LED e-ultraviolet aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eseduze, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi abe maningi khona. Uma emakhulu, ama-LED amhlophe ohlobo lwe-UV oluphakathi nendawo kanye nama-short-wave awakwazi ukwenzeka.